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1.
Arch. endocrinol. metab. (Online) ; 60(5): 426-435, Oct. 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-798175

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) polymorphisms are associated with an increased susceptibility to cardiovascular disease. PON1 Q192R polymorphism (rs662) partially determine PON1 hydrolytic activity and protect against oxidation of LDL and HDL. This study aimed to delineate the association of PON1 status (functional 192 genotype and plasma activity levels) and atherogenicity in urbans residents aged 40 years or more. Materials and methods Anthropometric data, lipid profiles, the atherogenic index of the plasma (AIP) and Framingham score risk were measured. Three kinetic assays were conducted to assay PON1 status using phenylacetate and 4-(chloromethyl)phenyl acetate as substrates. Results Smoking per se did not significantly impact the AIP but the interaction PON1 genotype by smoking significantly increased the AIP. In subjects with the RR genotype smoking increased the AIP index from (estimated mean ± SEM) -0.038 ± 0.039 to 0.224 ± 0.094. The QR genotype increased the Framingham risk index by around 1.3 points. Smoking by RR genotype carriers significantly increased the Framingham risk score (17.23 ± 2.04) as compared to smoking (13.00 ± 1.06) and non-smoking (7.79 ± 0.70) by QQ+QR genotype carriers. The interaction RR genotype by smoking was a more important predictor (odds ratio = 7.90) of an increased Framingham risk score (> 20) than smoking per se (odds ratio = 2.73). The interaction smoking by RR genotype carriers significantly increased triglycerides and lowered HDL cholesterol. Conclusion Smoking per se has no (AIP) or a mild (Framingham risk score) effect on atherogenicity, while the interaction smoking by PON1 RR genotype has a clinically highly significant impact on atherogenicity.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Polymorphism, Genetic , Risk Assessment/methods , Aryldialkylphosphatase/genetics , Atherosclerosis/genetics , Genotype , Reference Values , Triglycerides/blood , Smoking/adverse effects , Logistic Models , Sex Factors , Cross-Sectional Studies , Risk Factors , Aryldialkylphosphatase/blood , Genetic Association Studies , Gene-Environment Interaction , Hydrolysis , Cholesterol, HDL/blood , Cholesterol, LDL/blood
2.
Cad. saúde pública ; 30(1): 126-136, 01/2014. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-700183

ABSTRACT

O presente estudo investiga os fatores associados a não adesão à terapia medicamentosa contínua em indivíduos de 40 anos e mais de idade. Foi realizado um inquérito de base populacional em Cambé, Paraná, Brasil. A adesão à terapia foi avaliada pela escala de quatro itens de Morisky et al. e analisaram-se também variáveis sociodemográficas, de utilização dos serviços de saúde e do uso de medicamentos. Foram entrevistados 1.180 indivíduos, dos quais 78% utilizaram medicamentos nos 15 dias anteriores à entrevista e em 55% registrou-se o uso contínuo. A amostra do estudo consistiu em 639 indivíduos, com predominância do sexo feminino, idade entre 40 e 59 anos, baixa escolaridade. A prevalência de não adesão foi de 63,5%. Após análise ajustada, permaneceram associados a não adesão: não ser acompanhado pelo agente comunitário de saúde, ter tido descontinuidade no acesso aos medicamentos e a elevada frequência de utilização dos medicamentos ao longo do dia. Os resultados indicam uma alta prevalência da não adesão com possíveis impactos negativos para os indivíduos e para a sociedade.


This study investigates factors associated with non-adherence to continuous drug therapy in individuals 40 years and older. A population-based survey was conducted in Cambé, Paraná State, Brazil. Treatment adherence was assessed with the four-item Morisky et al. medication adherence scale. The study also assessed socio-demographic variables and health services access and use of medication. Among 1,180 interviewees, 78% reported use of medication, with continuous use in 55%. The study analyzed 639 individuals, the majority female, ranging from 40 to 59 years of age, with low schooling, and from socioeconomic stratum C (on a scale from A to E). Prevalence of non-adherence was 63.5%. Mean therapeutic complexity was 8.1. After adjusted analysis, the following factors remained associated with non-adherence: not being assisted by community health workers, discontinuous access to medication, and high frequency of medication throughout the day. The results indicate high prevalence of non-adherence, with potentially negative impacts for individuals and society.


Este artículo investiga los factores asociados a la falta de adherencia en el tratamiento continuo con personas con 40 años o más de edad. Llevamos a cabo un estudio basado en la población de Cambé, Paraná, Brasil. La adhesión al tratamiento se evaluó mediante la escala de 4 ítems Morisky et al. También se han analizado variables sociodemográficas, uso de servicios de salud y medicamentos. Fueron entrevistadas 1.180 personas, de las cuales el 78% había consumido medicamentos durante los 15 días anteriores a la entrevista y en un 55% se registró un uso continuo. La muestra del estudio consistió en 639 individuos, principalmente mujeres, con edades comprendidas entre los 40 y 59 años y con baja educación. La prevalencia de no-adhesión fue de un 63,5%. Después del ajuste de análisis, la falta en el acceso a los medicamentos y la alta frecuencia de uso de medicamentos durante el día se asoció con el hecho de no estar acompañado por un trabajador comunitario de salud. Los resultados indican una alta prevalencia de falta de adherencia con los consiguientes posibles impactos negativos para los individuos.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Medication Adherence/statistics & numerical data , Brazil , Cross-Sectional Studies , Risk Factors , Socioeconomic Factors
3.
Epidemiol. serv. saúde ; 22(3): 435-444, set. 2013. tab, ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-690447

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: estimar a prevalência de fatores de risco para doenças cardiovasculares segundo sexo e classe econômica. Métodos: estudo transversal de base populacional com indivíduos com 40 anos ou mais de idade, no município de Cambé, Estado do Paraná, Brasil; realizaram-se entrevistas domiciliares, aferições antropométricas e exames laboratoriais, no primeiro semestre de 2011; foram calculadas prevalências, razões de prevalências (RP) e intervalos de confiança de 95 por cento (IC95 por cento). Resultados: entrevistaram-se 1.180 pessoas; os fatores de risco com prevalência mais elevada foram inatividade física no lazer (71,4 por cento), sobrepeso/obesidade (68,3 por cento), hipertensão arterial (55,9 por cento) e baixo consumo de frutas (54,3 por cento) e verduras (35,5 por cento); a prevalência de sobrepeso/obesidade foi inferior entre homens, frente às mulheres (RP 0,82; IC95% 0,73-0,92); inatividade física no lazer, baixo consumo de frutas, verduras e legumes foram mais prevalentes entre homens e mulheres das classes socioeconômicas mais baixas. Conclusão: observaram-se elevadas prevalências de fatores de risco para doenças cardiovasculares, especialmente entre indivíduos menos favorecidos socioeconomicamente.


Objective: to estimate the prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors by sex and socioeconomic status. Methods: cross-sectional population-based representative sample of people aged 40 or older, living in Cambé-PR. Household interviews were conducted, collecting anthropometric measurements and laboratory tests in the first half of 2011. Prevalence, prevalence ratios (PR) and 95 por cento confidence intervals (95 per cent CI) were calculated. Results: 1,180people were interviewed. Most prevalent risk factors were physical inactivity during leisure (71.4 per cent), overweight/obesity (68.3 per cent), hypertension (55.9 per cent) and low consumption of fruit (54.3 per cent) and vegetables (35.5 per cent). Overweight/obesity prevalence was lower among men compared to women (PR 0.82, 95 per cent CI 0.73-0.92). Physical inactivity during leisure, as well as low fruit and vegetable consumption were more prevalent among men and women of lower socioeconomic classes. Conclusion: high cardiovascular disease risk factor prevalence was found, especially among individuals from lower socioeconomic classes.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Cardiovascular Diseases , Prevalence , Risk Factors
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